GEOGRAPHY ON THE PLANETS: GIFT OF REMOTE SENSING*

Extraterrestrial geography has become a reality, as we move from Earth's moon to the planets. A broad-scale regional physiography is being established on twenty planets and satellites through remote sensing techniques. Spacecraft images yield most of the information on Solar System landscapes. Topographic measurements are extracted by monoscopic image-processing, stereophotogrammetry, and radar analysis. Invisible parts of the spectrum furnish non-topographic data.     

THE CHARACTERISTIC OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT IN LINGDINGYANG ESTUARY

1 HYDROLOGIC FEATURES Lingdingyang Estuary, located at the middle south of Guangdong Province, is a bell-shaped estuary with a north-south direction. Its area is about 2100km2. The north of Qi′ao Island and Inner-Lingding Island, and the south of Humen are grouped as Neilingdingyang Estuary, having an area of 1041km2. Affected by topography, runoff and tide, its dynamic condition is very complicated. Different water areas have different hydrologic features. The topography under …     

无规取向、无吸收非球形粒子光散射的T-矩阵方法

较详细地研究了无规取向、无吸收椭球体粒子的T－矩阵收敛问题。首先，简要概括了nmax的3种收敛方案和它们的基本特性。然后，应用1993年提出的数学收敛方法（M－方法）和1998年提出和物理收敛方法（P－方法）研究收敛问题。结果表明椭球粒子收敛精度对粒子的尺度参数，纵横比以及椭球体的种类（例如，长／扁椭球）有很强的依赖性。当粒子的尺度参数不太大时，甚至在极端纵横比的条件下，P－收敛方案优于M－收敛方案。     

The carbohydrates in relation to mineralogic and granulometric composition of surface sediments in the karst estuary (River Krka estuary,Yugoslavia)

The investigation of mineral, granulometric and chemical composition of sediments of the River Krka estuary (Yugoslavia) were performed in order to elucidate the origin of the sediments and the pattern of sedimentation. Estuarine surface sediments were found to be fine-grained with a bimodal distribution. Environmental conditions in estuarine sediments favour conservation of the organic matter (anoxic conditions). The carbohydrates in the sediments were investigated to determine whether they are of terrigenous or authigenous origin. Glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, rhamnose, glucosamine and glucuronic acid were detected in the sediments. Their mutual relationship indicates a preferentially terrigenous source of sedimented organic material in estuarine sediments.     

A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELASTIC NESTED-GRID MESO-(β-γ)SCALE ATMOSPHERIC MODEL——PARTI:MODEL DESCRIPTION

A three-dimensional elastic nonhydrostatic mesoscale(β-γ)model with nested-grid is presented.It uses a set of fullequations in terrain-following coordinates as its basic dynamic frame,which is solved with a time-splitting algorithmfor acoustic and gravity waves.The model physical parameterization includes a K-theory subgrid eddy mixing for cloudand free atmosphere,a bulk planetary boundary layer parameterization,and three types of sofisticated cloudmicrophysics schemes with double-parameters for hail-bearing clouds,warm clouds and snowing clouds respectively.The model is designed to be used flexibly for simulations of a variety of meso-and small-scale atmospheric processes,and can be improved as a regional and local operational NWP system in future.     

高、低煤阶煤层气藏地质特征及控气作用差异性研究

高、低煤阶煤层气地质特征及控气作用差异性是研究煤层气富集成藏的重要组成部分,是煤层气勘探开发理论研究过程中重要的基础性研究领域之一。本文以中国沁水、阜新盆地和美国粉河盆地等典型的含气盆地为例,探讨了高、低煤阶煤层气的储层物性差异,分析了构造控气和水文地质控气作用的差异性。研究表明,高煤阶气藏含气量高,CH4百分含量高,δ13C1值大于-38.75‰,储层渗透率变化小,储层改造难,构造热事件对煤层气的生成、富集贡献大,持续的水动力使气藏遭到破坏,且破坏幅度大,现今地下水格局对气藏的形成具有一定的影响;低煤阶气藏含气量低,CH4百分含量低,δ13C1值大于-49.11‰,储层渗透率变化大,储层易改造,煤热演化史及煤阶影响着煤层气的生成、富集,在煤层气生成过程中活跃的水动力是甲烷生成的主要的水文地质条件之一,但持续的水动力使气藏遭到破坏,且破坏幅度小,而合适的地层水矿化度则是低煤阶煤层气生成的重要条件,地下水格局对气藏的调整和改造起到决定性的影响。     

内蒙古天和永玄武岩成因：岩相学与矿物学分析

天和永地区南北向出露的小面积单层碱性玄武岩,岩石中出现至少三种矿物共生组合关系。所有岩石均以橄榄石作为主要斑晶矿物,大颗粒环带橄榄石斑晶中心镁值为89．5,边缘镁值为70．3,小颗粒环带橄榄石镁值46．2～78．9。粒径最小的橄榄石聚集体和散布的基质橄榄石均无明显环带,前者镁值67．4～68．1,后者镁值65．5—72．1;单斜辉石由相对高钛高铝贫硅的散布柱状辉石和相对低钛低铝富硅的聚集粒状辉石组成,前者形成于低压快速淬火环境,镁值65．1—77．1,后者形成于富含挥发份的低压低过冷度环境,镁值77．7～78．0。所有单斜辉石均以次透辉石为主,个别为深绿辉石;斜长石以包含结构产出为主,为相对偏酸性的中长石An=33．7～37．4,CaO含量低与早期大量单斜辉石结晶有关。由于残余岩浆内K,0和Na20含量富集且极不均一,晚期结晶的长石同时出现了高钠长石、K-高钠长石（歪长石）和K-透长石;钛铁氧化物多数为晚期结晶的细粒基质矿物,少量以0．3ram左右的斑晶和橄榄石斑晶中的包裹体形式存在,可归属为钛铁尖晶石（Usp）-磁铁矿（Mt）固溶体系列,晚期逐渐向贫铝、铬和富钛方向演化。由于以上各种造岩矿物的晶出,导致残余岩浆形成的火山玻璃向贫镁、铁、钙和富铝、钾方向演化,火山玻璃的全碱含量变异趋势与全岩类似,均和SiO2含量无明显相关性,火山玻璃具有响岩和粗面安山岩成分特征,K2O／Na2O值变化大0．68～1．61,均为钾玄岩系列,Na2O含量依然呈现宽区间特征,是天和永玄武岩由钾质过渡到钠质的主要原因。天和永玄武质岩浆从地幔运移到地表仅需5小时-5天,大颗粒斑晶橄榄石和小颗粒基质橄榄石生长仅需几小时到几天,前者形成无须深部岩浆房停留,后者近似晚期岩浆快速淬火时间。高镁橄榄石斑晶与残余岩浆的扩散平衡时间约42天～252天。深部结晶的橄榄石在运移途中和地表流动过程中缺乏足够的时间和适宜的动力学条件而无法离开岩浆体系。全岩与火山玻璃间缺少中间过渡成分,呈两个相对集中的端元组分存在亦由晶出矿物无法离开岩浆体系所致。天和永玄武岩的成岩时间尺度远小于同化混染和岩浆分异的时间尺度,是岩浆作用过程未能明显影响其不均一原生岩浆性质的主要原因。因此,岩浆作用的某些物理过程分析是认识岩浆起源与岩浆作用过程及其对火成岩多样性的贡献的重要方面,同时对于理解和约束岩浆作用的某些化学过程也是十分有益的。     

甘肃庆城庄19井区上三叠统延长组长82亚油层组低渗透储层的地质特征

长82亚油层组是甘肃庆城地区庄19井区上三叠统延长组中储集砂岩相对富集的层位,但砂岩低渗透性的特点显著,成为影响该区石油储产量增长的主要地质因素。结合前人的相关工作,通过钻井岩心观察、测井曲线分析、储层岩石实验测试等工作,详细地分析了庄19井区长82亚油层组低渗透储层的地质特征,认为沉积微相和压实作用、胶结作用是控制低渗透性储集砂岩发育和分布的主要地质因素,寻找以水下分流河道微相为代表的有利储集相带砂岩体是油气勘探的重要方向。     

Tetraploid induced by physical and chemical methods in Jinjiang oyster(Crassostrea rivularis)

ＴｅｔｒａｐｌｏｉｄｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｂｙｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌａｎｄｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｉｎＪｉｎｊｉａｎｇｏｙｓｔｅｒ（Ｃｒａｓｓｏｓｔｒｅａｒｉｖｕｌａｒｉｓ）￥ＲｏｎｇＳｈｏｕｂａｉ，ＳｈｉＳｈｕｍｅｉ，ＭｃＱｉｒｏｎｇ，ＬｉｕＳｈａｅｑｉｏ...     

象山港,三门湾潮间带生态学研究：Ⅱ.数量组成与分布

象山港、三门湾软相潮间带底栖动物数量的水平分布与港湾的屏蔽性程度有一定的关系，生物量是三门湾（１８０．９５ｇ／ｍ２）高于象山港（９４．４７ｇ／ｍ２），生物密度是象山港（８１６个／ｍ２）高于三门湾（３４７个／ｍ２）。决定所面生物数量变化的主要底栖动物种类数随着港湾屏蔽性程度的提高而相应地减少。生物数量的垂直分布主要受潮汐作用的影响，以中潮区为最高。生物量以６月份最大，密度是４月份最大。